India is a large multi-lingual society with as many as 22 constitutionally recognised languages which include English and National language Hindi. Therefore in order to communicate with people of different regions, one has to know more than one language. The recent advances in Information Technology (IT) aims at narrowing down these communication barriers. The Technology Development for Indian Languages (TDIL) programme was launched by Ministry of Information Technology, Govt. of India in the year 1991-92. The programme aims at promotion of IT tools for Indian Languages.

A number of online electronic archives have been developed in recent years to allow fellow scholars access to recent works by other colleagues in a wide variety of fields. Cogprints is one such archive, as it functions as a place where persons working in the areas of psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and biology may place their work. First-time visitors may want to begin by browsing the archive either by year or by subject. After getting a sense of the contents of the archive, visitors can then perform simple or advanced searches in order to find specific materials. For those scholars who wish to contribute materials, there is also a place where they may register for an account.

The Computer Vision Homepage, established at Carnegie Mellon University in 1994, serves as a central location for links to websites relating to computer vision research. The resources are divided into specific subpages, including Vision Groups, Hardware, Software, Demos, Test Images, Conferences, Publications, and General Info. A separate subpage also lists links to websites on related topics, such as Geographic Information Systems and Pattern Recognition. Recent additions to the website are listed in chronological order in the New Additions section. The Computer Vision Homepage is currently maintained by Daniel Huber on a volunteer basis and he invites others to contribute suggestions for websites to add to the list or to assist in updating the Homepage.

This website from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) features "the interwoven fields of applied and computational mathematics." Highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of the field, the group's work draws on modeling, analysis, algorithm development, and simulation to address problems arising in the pure sciences and engineering. Students and faculty explore the mathematical properties of systems in physics, chemistry, biology, geology, astronomy, materials science, fluid mechanics, and other disciplines. At the time of this report, the section offering Technical Reports was still under development. However, some of the individual researchers have links to websites (within the People section) with a list of publications, some of which are available to download free of charge. Abstracts of Colloquia at Caltech also provide the visitor an overview of topics that interest this group of researchers.

The NanoLink website provides links to nanotechnology resources online. The service is maintained collaboratively by Memex Research Pte Ltd and Internet Research & Development Unit (IRDU), and is hosted by SunSITE Singapore at the Computer Centre of the National University of Singapore. The listing includes websites of research groups and informational materials related to Nanotechnology and related areas, including Fullerenes and Bio-Fullerenes, Molecular Engineering, Molecular Manufacturing, Molecular Medicine, Molecular Self-Assembly, Nanobiology, Nanochemistry, Nanocomputers and Nanocomputing, Nanoelectronics, Nanofabrication, Nanomedicine, Nanophotonics, Nanophysics, Quantum Computing, Quantum Engineering, Scanning Tunnelling, and Atomic Force Microscopy. The resources range from the general overview to more detailed topics and are organized alphabetically. If the list is a bit overwhelming, the authors have identified a subset of eight resources as especially "worth reading."

Engineering Conferences International is an electronic journal available through the Berkeley Electronic Press "to provide conference organizers with a new publication option--a highly visible, rapidly disseminated outlet for conference materials." The ECI program sponsors interdisciplinary scientific/engineering conferences through the Engineering Conferences Foundation and Polytechnic University. They publish this series, which includes presented papers, peer-reviewed articles, and other materials (presentations, data sets, video files, etc.) that are associated with ECI conferences. Visitors can browse by year or subject and download the materials free of charge. Other publications, such as journals, working papers, monographs, and newsletters available through Berkeley Electronic Press (see also Scout Report for Business & Economics, April 5, 2001), can be found by following the link to "bepress."

The International Computer Science Institute is an independent, nonprofit basic research institute that is affiliated with the University of California, Berkeley. The goal of the Institute is to create "synergy between world-leading researchers in computer science and engineering" by bringing together academic and industrial researchers. Its research currently focuses on Internet research, such as Internet architecture, open-source routing, and network security, as well as Human Language Technology, such as speech and text processing. A significant portion of the Institute's work is in theoretical computer science and projects are chosen for their importance and their compatibility with the strengths its researchers. This website provides links to websites detailing several programs including Algorithm Projects, AI Projects, Networking Projects, and Speech Projects. Other areas of research include a project "to support historically underrepresented ethnic minorities and women in their desire to become leaders in the fields of computer science, engineering and information technology;" the development of a Community of Practice Environment utilizing the Internet for information sharing and collaboration; and a project exploring Robust Video Compression based on Distributed Source Coding techniques. A number of publications, such as conference proceedings, academic journals, technical reports, and some books, are available to search and download free of charge. The ISCI Gazette, available in the News section, periodically features a research area. Research in Bioinformatics is discussed in the March 2008 issue.

This document by Ken Polsson "is an attempt to bring various published sources together to present a timeline about Personal Computers." The author has posted this document online as he continues to work on a book project, for which he has browsed extensively through various sources for historical information related to personal computers. The document provides a brief summary of "the essential happenings that shaped the industry." The full text, which contains close to 3,000 entries, is available for purchase. This online document represents the start of the timeline "to show you the quality of the material" and begins in 1947 with the invention of the point-contact transistor amplifier by three scientists at Bell Telephone Laboratories and ends in December, 1977 with a victory by Microsoft in an important legal battle against Pertec, on ownership of the BASIC software Bill Gates and Paul Allen wrote and licensed to MITS. The references are listed in a separate file, which is also available online.

The Maths Internet Guide is maintained by Boris Handal, who has taught mathematics education, engineering mathematics, statistics and computer studies units across various educational settings. He has compiled this list of over 250 select websites, "carefully chosen for their interactivity and grouped into five search categories." The websites can be browsed by topics and grade levels. Also featured here are a selection of Maths Humour websites, Mega Sites with links to online resources, Magazines & Journals, and a couple of workshops, Using the Internet in Teaching and Learning Maths, and Evaluating Online Maths Resources (which work best using Internet Explorer). The resources are intended for "individual learning, homework, demonstrations or explorations."

It's a scene familiar to anyone who has ever been in a coffee shop: laptop users absorbed in their machines and ignoring the people next to them. Berkeley grad Sean Savage wants to change all that with PlaceSite, a web application that combines online social networking with real-life networking in Wi-Fi cafes. Wi-Fi users in a certain cafe would encounter a login window when they first sign on, which will prompt them to enter a Friendster-like profile that then lets others in the cafe know they are present. Savage has already conducted tests in one Berkeley coffee shop, and says he will begin rolling out PlaceSite at a few locations in the SanFrancisco Bay Area by October. Read more: .

Science Lobby is a collection of links to electronic circuits, schematics, online electronic tutorials and data sheets. It aims to provide a quick solution for electronic design problems. New circuits and/or links are added regularly. It caters to the information needs of electronic beginners, hobbyists, engineers, inventors and consultants.

This e-book is a publication of EDUCAUSE. It provides insights into the aptitudes, attitudes, expectations and learning styles of the present-day Net Gen students. It explores the Net Gen and the implications for institutions in areas such as teaching, service, learning space design, faculty development, and curriculum. Contributions by educators and students are included. Both PDF and HTML versions are available. The access is free for non-profit use.

Students searching for information about scholarship programmes and educational loans will no longer have to run from pillar to post, with a new website from the Ministry of Human Resource Development promising to be a one-stop guidance portal for them. The website provides details about 200 government, 60 non-government and 30 exchange scholarships of various universities and institutions along with contact details both in English and Hindi. In addition, terms and conditions of all major banks to provide educational loans are also available on the website. Students can search for scholarships by programmes of study, institutions and disciplines. It also provides links to the websites of other institutes and banks so that they can get further information. Application forms of some scholarship programmes supported by the HRD Ministry can be downloaded online from the site.

ElectronicsInfoline is a directory of selected and edited quality links from several sites related to electronics project schematics and EDA software resources available on the Internet. The wide range of electronic schematics are organized into hierarchical categories of top-level directories and subdirectories. The site provides datasheets, articles and project ideas as well. It is updated every week with new circuits. Access to the contents is free. The website is by Radio Communication Laboratory (RCL), an electronic design firm in West Bengal, India.

The encyclopedia is a one-stop source of information on the concepts and key issues concerning sustainable development. It covers the core areas which are essential for the understanding of sustainable development. The topics covered include earth and man, guiding principle of sustainable development, environment, resources, society, indicators of sustainable development, action for sustainable development. Under each such topic, the information is provided under several subtopics. There are about 500 links to other webpages from the encyclopedia, selected for providing the best accompanying information relevant to a specific subtopic. A section titled 'Doing our bit' offers ideas on how the individuals can adopt sustainable, eco-friendly lifestyles and contribute to this issue. The encyclopedia has been written by the Atmospheric Research & Information Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK.

An award winning source in the field of information technology, the site caters to the information needs of educators, project managers, executives, consultants and students in the IT sector. It contains a variety of technical resources pertaining to reference, methodology, IT departmental management, technology support, and project leadership, benchmarks, books, CASE tools, information about conferences, downloads, career, IT links, KnowledgeBase, listservs, news feeds, toolboxes, top picks, white papers and so on. In addition, it provides links to OpenSource Software and Methodology portals. The website also publishes a subscription-based monthly ITeZine.

KurzweilAI.Net focuses on the exponential growth of intelligence, both biological and machine, leading to situations (realities ?) such as man-machine merger, building a human brain and similar virtual realities. It provides insights into the transforming trends araising out of the "intersecting revolutions in a plethora of fields: biotechnology, nanotechnology, molecular electronics, computation, artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, virtual reality, human brain reverse engineering, brain augmentation, robotics, and many others". It refers to "AI" as Accelerating Intelligence rather than as Artificial Intelligence and intends to portray how the "quickening pace of our knowledge and intelligence will ultimately alter the nature of what it means to be human".

The Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA) is a multi-mission NASA center of expertise for cosmic microwave background radiation research. LAMBDA aims to serve the CMB research community and the promote the cosmological research. It develops and maintains data archives, data access and analysis tools, offers scientific expertise on NASA's CMB missions, performs data-intensive processing of vital importance to NASA's CMB community. The LAMBDA site provides access to many important cosmological data sets like Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), Relikt experiment to investigate the anisotropy, Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS). It gives links to tools such as CMBFAST, HEALPix, SkyViewer, conversion utilities, calculators, many software links. It also gives useful information about space missions, links to other data centers, CMB theory and experimental sites.

"Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a common silicon substrate through microfabrication technology. While the electronics are fabricated using integrated circuit (IC) process sequences (e.g., CMOS, Bipolar, or BICMOS processes), the micromechanical components are fabricated using compatible micromachining processes that selectively etch away parts of the silicon wafer or add new structural layers to form the mechanical and electromechanical devices". This website provides a guide, information about the processes and techniques involved, other related information, the current challenges in MEMS, latest news, materials database and glossary.

OpenCores is a collection of people who are interested in developing free hardware on the similar lines of free software development. Their activities are centered around the opencores web site. This consists of a heterogenous group of people working towards a common goal. The group progresses through the independent contributions of individuals. The website provides links to news, articles, projects and development tools depending on the project. Treading the new path of the open free hardware concept, it invites interested people to join and contribute. Currently the emphasis is on digital modules called 'cores'.